Managing and treating suicide risk and non suicidal selfinjury nssi. Deborah converse,ma, nbct and rene ledford, msw, lcsw, bcba learning objectives describe the prevalence of nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi cutting across gender, age, socioeconomic status and cultures. In this introductory article, the author describes the scope of behaviors referenced by the term self. In addition, individuals who engage in nonsuicidal selfinjury are at height. It is important to emphasize that while the behaviors are distinct, both can occur within the same individual. Nssi is more prevalent, involves different methods for example, cutting and burning, rather. Nonsuicidal selfinjurious behavior nsib is defined as deliberate, direct destruction or alteration of body tissue, without conscious suicidal intent but resulting in injury severe enough for tissue damage to occur gratz, 2003.
Predictors of future suicide attempt among adolescents. The most common form of selfharm is using a sharp object to cut ones skin. Whilst these behaviours are linked to a heightened risk of suicide, not all people who engage in selfharm are suicidal. Selfinjury is a deliberate, nonsuicidal behavior that inflicts physical harm on ones body to relieve emotional distress. The nonsuicidal selfinjury assessment tool nssiat cornell. Suicide attempt is defined as a non fatal, self directed, potentially injurious behavior with. Nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi has proven to be a baffling and misunderstood phenomenon.
Nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi refers the direct, deliberate damage of ones own body tissue in the absence of suicidal intent nock, 2010. It also includes advice on when you should seek professional medical help for a person who has severely injured themselves and is at risk of more serious harm or. Nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi, is growing at an alarming rate within the child and adolescent. Understanding why people engage in selfinjury is an essential scienti. Emotional dysregulation and nonsuicidal selfinjury. Cornell research program on selfinjurious behaviors in adolescents and young adults the nonsuicidal selfinjury. Glenn and klonsky 2010 point to the fact that nssi was once thought to occur only in psychiatric populations. Nonsuicidal selfinjury this resource is to help you better understand nonsuicidal selfinjury and how to best speak to your child. Was practicing or attempting suicide the primary reason you intentionally hurt yourself. Self injury is sometimes used as a way of coping with negative events and feelings. Key issues in diagnosing and treating nssi adequately include differentiating it from attempted suicide and other mental disorders, as well as understanding the motivations for selfinjury and the context in which it occurs. Abstract nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi continues to be a problem among youth and there is a great need for programming aimed at reducing nssi in adolescents.
Nsib has many names, including selfinjury, selfharm, deliberate selfharm, parasuicide, and selfmutilation. Other terms such as cutting and selfmutilation have been used for any selfharming behavior regardless of suicidal intent. Finding new ways of coping with difficult feelings can help to suppress the urges that lead to self injury and may help in the recovery process. Self harm is an umbrella term includes self injury and self mutilation self injury.
Although there are unique differences between nssi and suicidal behaviors, a link exists between these behaviors. His research examines nonsuicidal selfinjury, suicide, and disorders of emotion, and he has published more than 40. While you are waiting for professional help, or when times are tough, its good to have a few alternatives to selfinjury. Do not assume that people who self harm are suicidal. Pdf nonsuicidal selfinjury among youth researchgate.
Perceptions of secondary school counselors nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi has proven to be a baffling and misunderstood phenomenon among medical, mental health, and school personnel alike. Analysis of the youth risk behavior survey trends issues regarding the diagnosis and treatment of nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi continue to be of increasing concern to practitioners in educational and mental health settings. Suicide attempt is defined as a nonfatal, selfdirected, potentially injurious behavior with. What are the signs that indicate a person may have been selfinjuring. Self injurious behavior virginia commission on youth.
Nonsuicidal selfinjury and motivational interviewing. Curr psychiatry rep nonsuicidal selfinjury in adolescence rebecca c. He is a licensed professional counselor and board approved supervisor. Nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi is the deliberate injury to ones own body intended to cause mental or physical harm to oneself. Understanding nonsuicidal selfinjury and suicide risk among veterans issue nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi is the deliberate, selfinflicted destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent. Selfdirected violence sdv classification system clinical tool key terms centers for disease control and prevention selfdirected violence. This harm can include a wide range of behaviors such as scratching, cutting, hitting, scabbing, embedding, bruising. Nssi is associated with a variety of psychiatric diagnoses.
Nssi is distinguished from behaviour where immediate tissue damage is not present e. Using the same term to search youtube brings up 2,140 videos selfinjury appears in popular movies, music lyrics, and music videos. Nonsuicidal selfinjury in adolescence pdf paperity. Despite growing interest in this perplexing phenomenon, much remains unknown about why. Including suicide function here, however, allows for analysis of intention consistent with nssi as part of a self harm continuum. Clinical tips there are four leading theories on suicide that provide good places to start your assessment trying to understand what leads them to suicide and intervention efforts what will need to change in order to resolve. In session is devoted to the assessment and treatment of non. Pdf nonsuicidal selfinjury in adolescence researchgate.
Deborah converse,ma, nbct and rene ledford, msw, lcsw, bcba learning objectives describe the prevalence of non suicidal self injury nssi cutting across gender, age, socioeconomic status and cultures. Behavior that is selfdirected and deliberately results in injury or the potential for injury to oneself. In view of the growing scale of the nssi, especially among young people without identifying any other psychiatric disorders, the disorder was included in both dsm5 and icd10 as independent diagnostic. Janis whitlock and amanda purington the cornell research program on selfinjury and recovery. Nonsuicidal selfinjury is receiving increasing attention in empirical and clinical realms. Depression and nonsuicidal self injury psychology today. They become hopeless, focus on negative aspects of their lives and fixate on suicide as the only escape.
Selfharm an overview of the tools used to assess non. A pilot study with the swedish version of the inventory of statements about selfinjury isas. Indeed, the fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders designated nonsuicidal selfinjury as a condition that requires further study, which signals possible future official adoption. Selfinjury nonsuicidal selfinjury page 4 of 10 community health manual. Nonsuicidal selfinjury journal of pediatric health care. Cornell research program on selfinjurious behaviors in adolescents and young adults. Etiology, treatment and prevention of cutting 3 ce hours by. Nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi is defined as deliberate, direct destruction or alteration of body tissue, without conscious suicidal intent but resulting in injury severe enough for tissue damage to occur gratz, 2003. Article pdf available in new zealand journal of psychology 1063. It is often used as a result of not having learned how to identify or express difficult feelings in a more healthy way. It is not always easy to tell the difference between nonsuicidal selfinjury and a suicide attempt.
Similarly, about half of the respondents 52% indicated they could identify students who commit nssi. Edited by paul plener and joerg fegert nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi has been included in the fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders dsm5 in section 3 as a condition for further study, meaning that criteria for identifying a possible new disorder have been put out to the scientific and clinical community to see if the proposed construct holds value to. Empirically supported treatments and general therapy. Nssi is, by definition, a set of behaviors undertaken without suicidal intent, although it may be related to suicide behaviors in some important ways international. Alternatives to selfinjury mental health first aid. Plener 0 0 department of child and adolescent psychiatry and psychotherapy, university of ulm, steinhoevelstr. Nssi has many names, including selfinjury, selfharm, deliberate self harm, parasuicide, and self mutilation or cutting.
Many commonly cited risk factors were not associated with transition to suicide attempt among these highrisk groups. Indeed, the fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental. Distraction techniques the cornell research program on. Respond calmly and neutrally acknowledge what the person has done in a. One recent study found that 70 percent of teenagers. Immediately focus treatment on resolving suicidality andor nonsuicidal selfinjury, independent of psychiatric diagnosis. Nonsuicidal selfinjury in the media by amanda purington, m. Nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi is a serious and prevalent problem within the adolescent population. Pdf longitudinal predictors of pastyear nonsuicidal. A kind of self harm that leads to visible and direct bodily injury including cutting and burning mcallister, 2003 research shows there is no association between suicidal intent and the act of self injury. Longitudinal predictors of pastyear nonsuicidal selfinjury and motives among college students. Pdf the fourfunction model of nonsuicidal selfinjury. What is the relation between nonsuicidal selfinjury and attempted suicide.
Selfinjury has a paradoxical effect in that the pain selfinflicted. Nonsuicidal selfinjury has historically been thought of as a symptom of borderline. Managing and treating suicide risk and nonsuicidal self. Understanding, managing, and treating nonsuicidal selfinjury. Suicidal behavior while selfinjury is generally not about suicide, nssi is a risk factor for suicidal behavior.
Nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi involves deliberate and intentional injury to body tissue that occurs in the absence of suicidal intent. The term nonsuicidal selfinjury is used to refer to situations where selfinjury is not intended to result in death. The number of youth presenting with selfinjurious behaviors has increased over. As a result, there is a significant risk of suicide and suicide attempts among teens that engage in nssi. Definition nonsuicidal selfinjury is the deliberate and direct destruction of ones body tissue, without suicidal intent and for reasons not socially or culturally sanctioned. Nonsuicidal selfinjury among adolescents projects at harvard.
Nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi is a baffling, troubling, and hard to treat phenomenon that has increased markedly in recent years. The only way to know is to ask the person directly if they are suicidal. Nssi and suicidal behaviours are both forms of sibs, and therefore they are sometimes conceptualized as falling along a single selfharm continuum. Nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi and suicidal behavior disorder sbd have been included as diagnostic categories as conditions for further study in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental. Most adolescents who think about suicide or engage in nonsuicidal selfharm will not make an attempt on their life. This document accompanies the mental health first aid guidelines for nonsuicidal selfinjury. The cornell research program on self injury and recovery. Our findings suggest that asking about substance use, nonsuicidal selfharm, sleep, personality traits, and exposure to selfharm could inform risk assessments. Prevalence, sociodemographics, topography, and functions. Key issues in diagnosing and treating nssi adequately include differentiating it from attempted suicide and other mental disorders, as well as understanding the motivations for selfinjury and the context in which.
957 165 674 526 282 649 1032 473 873 893 1149 1234 361 299 183 552 1524 1136 1111 667 364 165 78 1044 434 702 210 549 1341 228 938 1093 168 352 1499 900 1104 339 1300 163